Page 1 — Introduction and Context 
Yemen’s protracted conflict has devastated its diverse communities, with minority groups bearing a particularly heavy burden. Religious and ethnic minorities, including Jews, Baha’is, Christians, and Muhamasheen, face systemic persecution, discrimination, and targeted violence. 

This persecution has driven waves of migration, as vulnerable groups seek refuge abroad. For many, exile is the only path to survival, as life in Yemen remains marked by marginalisation and insecurity. 

Page 2 — Historical and Political Background 
Yemen has long been home to a tapestry of minority communities. However, these groups have historically faced discrimination, worsened by decades of poverty, weak governance, and entrenched tribal hierarchies. 

The outbreak of civil war in 2014 deepened these divisions. Houthi rebels and other armed actors have persecuted minorities, targeting them for their faith or ethnicity. The collapse of state institutions has left minorities with little protection, forcing many to flee. 

Page 3 — Forms of Persecution 
Minority groups in Yemen endure persecution in numerous forms: 

- Religious intolerance: forced conversions, harassment, and restrictions on worship. 
- Targeted violence: kidnappings, killings, and intimidation by armed groups. 
- Displacement: minorities driven from their homes and ancestral lands. 
- Discrimination: exclusion from schools, jobs, and political participation. 
- Social stigma: systemic marginalisation, particularly against the Muhamasheen community. 

These abuses leave minority groups without security or prospects for equality. 

Page 4 — Consequences for Citizens and Society 
For individuals, persecution means trauma, exile, and the loss of cultural identity. Families are torn apart as members seek safety abroad, while those who remain face constant fear. 

For Yemeni society, the persecution of minorities erodes its cultural diversity and deepens sectarianism. The mass flight of minorities weakens national unity and tarnishes Yemen’s international reputation. Neighbouring countries and global asylum systems also face growing pressures from displaced Yemenis.

Page 5 — Solutions and Conclusion 
Addressing the persecution of minorities in Yemen requires political reform and international action. 

Key steps include: 
- Legal protections: enshrine religious and minority rights in law. 
- Accountability: prosecute crimes against minorities, including persecution and discrimination. 
- Humanitarian support: provide aid and protection to displaced minority groups. 
- Cultural preservation: safeguard the traditions and heritage of vulnerable communities. 
- International asylum: expand safe pathways for minority refugees fleeing persecution. 

Until such reforms and protections are implemented, persecution will continue to drive minority groups from Yemen, stripping the country of its historic diversity.