Introduction and Context
Ethiopia, Africa’s second-most populous country, is grappling with multiple internal conflicts that have forced millions of civilians from their homes. From the devastating war in Tigray to ongoing clashes in Oromia, Amhara, and Benishangul-Gumuz, displacement has become one of the most pressing humanitarian issues in the country.

Entire communities have been uprooted, seeking refuge in overcrowded camps or with host families, often without adequate food, shelter, or healthcare. The displacement crisis not only deepens human suffering but also threatens Ethiopia’s long-term stability.


Drivers of Displacement
The causes of displacement in Ethiopia are multifaceted. Armed conflicts between federal forces, regional militias, and insurgent groups have destroyed homes, infrastructure, and livelihoods. Civilians often become the targets of violence, forced to flee massacres, sexual violence, and indiscriminate attacks.

Land disputes and ethnic rivalries further inflame tensions, as groups compete for resources. Climate shocks such as droughts and floods exacerbate these pressures, leaving families doubly vulnerable.

The collapse of local governance in conflict-affected areas prevents displaced populations from accessing essential services or protection.


Humanitarian Consequences
The humanitarian toll of displacement is dire. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) face food shortages, lack of clean water, and inadequate healthcare. Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, while overcrowded camps increase the risk of disease outbreaks.

Women and girls suffer disproportionately, facing sexual violence both during flight and in camps. Many children are out of school, jeopardising their future prospects. Families separated during displacement struggle to reunite, deepening trauma and instability.

Without sustained support, displaced populations remain trapped in cycles of poverty and vulnerability.


Regional and International Dimensions
Ethiopia’s displacement crisis has ripple effects beyond its borders. Neighbouring Sudan, Kenya, and Somalia host thousands of Ethiopian refugees fleeing violence. The instability undermines regional security and strains fragile humanitarian systems.

International agencies, including the United Nations and NGOs, provide aid, but access is often restricted by insecurity and bureaucratic barriers. Funding shortfalls further hinder relief operations, leaving millions without adequate assistance.

The displacement crisis highlights Ethiopia’s broader governance challenges and raises urgent questions about accountability and peacebuilding.

Solutions and Conclusion
Addressing Ethiopia’s displacement crisis requires urgent action at both national and international levels. Protecting civilians and ensuring their safe return must be central to peace efforts.

Key steps include:
- Conflict resolution: prioritise dialogue and negotiations to end hostilities.
- Humanitarian access: guarantee aid agencies safe and unrestricted entry to affected areas.
- Protection of civilians: hold perpetrators of violence accountable and strengthen security for displaced communities.
- Durable solutions: invest in reconstruction, land rights, and livelihoods to enable safe return or integration.
- International support: increase funding and solidarity for Ethiopia’s displacement crisis.

• Until these measures are taken, millions of Ethiopians will remain uprooted, their lives disrupted by violence and instability. Protecting their rights and restoring their dignity is essential for Ethiopia’s future peace.