Page 1 — Introduction and Context 
Since 2011, Syria has been engulfed in a brutal civil war that has devastated the country and displaced millions of its citizens. Armed conflicts involving government forces, opposition groups, extremist factions, and international actors have left Syria fragmented and unstable. 

For ordinary Syrians, violence, destruction, and insecurity have made daily life unbearable. As a result, millions have fled their homes, seeking refuge within the region and across the world. This mass displacement represents one of the largest refugee crises in modern history. 

Page 2 — Historical and Political Background 
The roots of Syria’s civil war lie in decades of authoritarian rule under the Assad family, combined with widespread corruption, economic inequality, and suppression of dissent. In 2011, inspired by the Arab Spring, peaceful protests demanding reform were met with violent crackdowns by the regime. 

The conflict soon escalated into full-scale war, drawing in a range of actors — from opposition militias to extremist groups like ISIS, as well as foreign powers including Russia, Iran, Turkey, and the United States. Each intervention has prolonged instability, deepening the humanitarian crisis. 

Page 3 — Impact of Armed Conflicts on Civilians 
The civil war has inflicted devastating consequences on Syrian civilians: 

- Mass displacement: over 13 million Syrians uprooted, with 6.8 million refugees abroad. 
- Civilian casualties: hundreds of thousands killed or injured. 
- Destruction: cities like Aleppo, Homs, and Raqqa reduced to rubble. 
- Human rights abuses: torture, arbitrary detention, and chemical weapon attacks. 
- Economic collapse: unemployment, inflation, and poverty grip the population. 

These conditions make survival inside Syria increasingly impossible. 

Page 4 — Consequences for Syrians and the World 
For Syrians, the war means loss of homes, livelihoods, and family members. Refugees often endure dangerous journeys, overcrowded camps, and uncertain futures in host countries. Many children have grown up without education or stability, facing long-term trauma. 

For the world, Syria’s crisis has reshaped global refugee policy, strained resources in neighbouring states such as Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan, and influenced politics in Europe and beyond. The conflict has also become a battleground for regional and global powers, complicating peace efforts. 

Page 5 — Solutions and Conclusion 
Resolving Syria’s crisis requires both humanitarian action and political solutions. 

Key steps include: 
- Humanitarian aid: expand support for refugees and displaced populations. 
- Peace negotiations: reinvigorate international efforts for a political settlement. 
- Accountability: investigate and prosecute war crimes and human rights abuses. 
- Reconstruction: rebuild infrastructure and restore basic services. 
- Support for host countries: provide aid to nations bearing the burden of refugees. 

Until peace is achieved, millions of Syrians will remain displaced, their futures uncertain, as civil war and armed conflicts continue to drive them from their homeland.